Scientific research
Space medicine
Astronaut Kathleen Robbins experiments with DNA on board the International Space Station
A wide variety of medical studies are conducted in space by the Space Agency and the US National Institute for Biomedical Research. Among the most prominent of these research is the advanced diagnostic ultrasound in the study of microgravity that astronauts experience. Also, ultrasound scanning was carried out under the supervision of remote experts to diagnose and treat potentially hundreds of medical cases in space. Usually there is no doctor on board the International Space Station. An astronaut is exposed to a variety of health risks including blood pressure, immunodeficiency , and bone and muscle loss, erectile intolerance due to voice loss, sleep disturbances, and radiation injury. Ultrasound provides a unique opportunity to monitor these conditions in space. (
Ozone depletion
In 1975, NASA directed the legislation to search and monitor the stratosphere. This led to the Upper Atmosphere Study Program and the later Research Program Earth Observation System and to send satellites to study the ozone layer . The first comprehensive global measurements were obtained in 1978 after the dispatch of the 7 Nimbus satellite and benefited NASA scientists at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies. (7)
Evaporation of salt
In one of the projects in the United States . NASA helped restore and introduce technology as it helped the state and the US federal government restore water as much as 15,100 acres of salt evaporation ponds in southern San Francisco Bay . And satellite sensors were used by scientists to study the effect of salt on evaporation in the local environment. (8)
Earth sciences
NASA research helped understand the natural changes that are from human influence on the global environment and the main goal of NASA's Earth Sciences study . NASA currently has more than a dozen spacecraft to study Earth sciences in orbit and study all aspects of the Earth system ( oceans, Earth, atmosphere and biosphere , in addition to the cryosphere), with several plans to launch spacecraft in the next few years. (9)
Later programs
The Orion Planetary Transport Program, a spacecraft used to travel to Mars for NASA, in cooperation with the European Space Agency, and to accomplish the service unit, Orion, was successfully tested in the International Space Station
